Cardan Joint (Universal Joint)

Cardan Joint Mechanism

Summary / Overview

The Cardan joint, also known as a universal joint, is a mechanical mechanism used to transmit rotational motion between two shafts that are not aligned. It allows power transfer through an angle while accommodating misalignment between connected components.

Cardan Joint - View

How It Works

The mechanism consists of two yokes connected by a central cross-shaped component.As the driving shaft rotates, torque is transmitted through the cross to the driven shaft, even when the shafts are positioned at an angle.While the rotational speed of the driven shaft varies slightly during each rotation, the Cardan joint maintains continuous torque transmission across angular misalignment.

Cardan Joint - Motion

Main Components

• Driving yoke – Connects to the input shaft

• Driven yoke – Connects to the output shaft

• Cross (spider) – Transfers torque between yokes

• Bearing caps – Reduce friction and wear

• Shafts – Transmit rotational motion

Applications

• Automotive drive shafts

• Industrial machinery

• Agricultural equipment

• Steering systems

• Power transmission systems

Advantages

• Allows angular misalignment between shafts

• Robust and durable design

• Simple and compact mechanism

• Capable of transmitting high torque

Limitations

• Non-uniform angular velocity at constant input speed

• Increased wear at large operating angles

• Requires lubrication and maintenance

• Vibration may occur at high speeds

Technical Notes

The angular velocity variation increases as the operating angle increases.To minimize speed fluctuation, Cardan joints are often used in pairs with aligned angles.Proper lubrication significantly extends service life and performance.

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